What is the working principle of solar photovoltaic inverter?

The working principle of solar photovoltaic inverter is a crucial aspect of the solar photovoltaic power generation system. It is responsible for converting the DC electricity generated by photovoltaic panels into AC power, allowing it to synchronize with the power grid and be integrated into home or industrial electricity systems.

The following will explain its working principles in detail, mainly including 5 aspects:

(1) The photovoltaic battery plate converts sunlight into DC power through the photoelectric effect. This occurs within the semiconductor material of the photovoltaic panel. When sunlight strikes the semiconductor's surface, it excites electrons, creating electron-hole pairs that generate a DC current.

(2) The DC current is transmitted to the micro inverter via cables. The core component of the micro-inverter is the control IC, which collects voltage and current data from the solar panels. This information generates a PWM (pulse width modulation) signal, controlling the switching frequency and duty cycle of the IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) switches.

(3) Driven by the PWM signal, the IGBT switches the DC current supplied by the inverter, converting it into AC output. During this process, the micro inverter adjusts the output voltage and frequency to match the standard values of the grid, ensuring compatibility with home or commercial power systems.

(4) Micro inverters additionally feature MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) technology. By monitoring the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic panels, this technology ensures that the maximum possible power is extracted, enhancing the overall efficiency of the photovoltaic system.

(5) The AC power produced by the micro inverter is fed into the grid through an interface connecting to either household or industrial services. Furthermore, the micro inverters have automatic operation and shutdown features, along with protective functions against unstable grid voltage or outages, ensuring the safe and stable performance of the entire system.

In conclusion, the working principle of solar photovoltaic micro-inverters encompasses various processes including photovoltaic conversion, DC to AC power transformation, MPPT implementation, and grid synchronization. The seamless operation of these components enables solar photovoltaic inverters to efficiently convert solar energy into usable AC power, providing a sustainable and renewable energy source for residential and industrial applications.